Masculinities (1995)
critique of the sex role in gender socialisation
-gender inequalities are explained in terms of biology
- difference is understood of deviation from the normative mode of masculinity and femininity
- gender roles themselves are vague
- it is incapable of theorising change in gender relations
- the individual subject (person) is entirely the product of social structure
- supports the status quo by ignoring power relations
- suggests that gender is 'hard work' not about socialisation
- they are multiple competing masculinities
- "masculinities are configurations of practice within gender relations a structure that includes large scale institutions and economic relations as well as face to face relations and sexuality. masculinity is institutionalised in this structure as well as being an aspect of individual character and personality" 2000
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